Guidelines for Authors

As an international, multi-disciplinary, peer-refereed journal, it provides a platform for publication of the most advanced scientific research in Commerce and Management, Science and Engineering, Humanities and Social Sciences, Agricultural Sciences, Medical Sciences, Mathematics, Law and so on. The journal of Quing Publications welcomes the original empirical investigations from the author(s) located worldwide.

Submission Checklist

Before submitting your manuscript, check its quality thoroughly one more time, and evaluate it critically could anything be done better.

Be assure that:

• The manuscript follows the Instructions for Authors
• All files are in the correct format and of the appropriate resolution or size
• The spelling and grammar are correct
• You have mentioned contact information for all authors
• You have written a persuasive cover letter
• You have read the Aims & Scope carefully and ensure that your manuscript falls within the scope for this journal
• Use the Microsoft Word template to prepare your manuscript;
• Issues about publication ethics, research ethics, copyright, authorship, figure formats, data, and reference format have been considered appropriately

What to Submit?

Heading forward from Traditional Publishing has its type of articles to be submitted and published. If you are planning to submit your article to Quing Publications, please choose one of the suitable categories for your paper and summarize it within the proposed word limit before submission

• Primary Research (Word Limit 2000 – 3000) contributes to the base of scientific knowledge, including interdisciplinary, replication studies, and negative or null results. Download the Manuscript Template.
• Systematic Reviews (Word Limit 3000 - 3500) whose methods ensure the comprehensive and unbiased sampling of existing literature. Download Detailed Guidelines
• Executive Summary (Word Limit 800 – 1000) includes a thorough overview of a research problem that provides key points for its readers, saving time and preparing them to understand the scientific approach. It must be written in such a summarized way that readers can rapidly become acquainted with a large set of data without needing the explanatory procedures—download detailed Guidelines to prepare your Executive Summary.
• Short Communications (Word Limit 1000-1500) are short papers presenting original and significant material for rapid dissemination. For example, Short Communication may focus on a particular aspect of a problem or a new finding that is expected to have a significant impact. Short communication should be submitted the same way as a full-length paper. A maximum of 1500 words in the main text plus approximately ten references and normally no more than two illustrations (tables or figures or one of each). Short Communications should follow the same layout as a primary research paper.
• Editorials (Word Limit 1000) are short, invited opinion pieces that discuss an issue of immediate importance to the research community. Editorials should have fewer than 1000 words total, no abstract, a minimal number of references (definitely no more than 5), and no figures or tables (although they do have a photograph of the author as an illustration).
• Focus (Word Limit 2500) articles are short, timely pieces that spotlight either recent research findings or policy issues related to research (for example, regulatory, funding, educational, or legislative discussions). Focus articles should not exceed 2500 words total (including abstract, main text, references, and figure legend). They should have a short pithy title, a one-sentence abstract, no more than ten references, and one figure (with figure legend) or table.
• Perspectives discuss one or a cluster of recently published papers or a current research topic of high interest in which an author's viewsheds an incisive light on key findings in research. These articles typically have one or two authors whose task is to inform our interdisciplinary readership about exciting scientific developments in the author's expertise area. Other appropriate topics include discussions of methods, books, or meeting highlights. Perspectives are usually between 4000 to 6000 words total (including abstract, main text, references, and figure legends). They should have a short pithy title, an abstract of 250 words or less, no more than 35 references, and figures as well as tables.
• Commentaries (Word Limit 3000) present in-depth analysis of current issues such as policy, funding, regulatory, educational, legislative issues, new institutes, careers, etc. Commentaries should not exceed 3000 words total (including abstract, main text, references, and figure legends). They should have a short pithy title, an abstract of 50 words or less, no more than 35 references, and one or two figures (with figure legends) or tables.
• Industry News (Word Limit 250 – 400) short pieces present new information about initiatives, products, services, and developments in the field. These must not be promotional pieces about a product or service and should make suitable references to alternative systems, services, products, or initiatives to place the update in context.

Editorial Process

Peer Review Process

All types of contributions to Quing Publications, except editorials, are peer-reviewed. The peer-review process focuses on whether the work is done to high scientific and ethical standards and is appropriately described, and that the data support the conclusions. The role of peer review is considered to be helping authors improve their manuscripts rather than deciding whether they should be published. The editor makes the final decision.

Quing Publications aims to provide authors with professional, fair, timely, and confidential peer reviews by the field experts. The review consists of the following steps:

Step 1: Initial Screening

After a paper is submitted to a journal, Managing Editor will screen the manuscript and decides whether or not to send it for full peer review. This is to ensure adherence to our policies, including the statement of competing interests, ethical requirements for studies involving human participants or animals, as well as the unacceptably low standard language. For example, the editor will ask:

1. Does the manuscript fit the journal's scope, and will it be of interest to the readership?
2. Is the manuscript of acceptable quality?
3. Is the writing good enough to make it worth reviewing?
4. Is the manuscript compliant with the journal's instructions for authors?

The author(s) may be asked for the revision. Only after clearing the initial screening is the manuscript sent to peer reviewers. Manuscripts may be declined by the Managing Editor, without a full review, (or) being asked for a revision, if they are inconsistent with our Editorial Guidelines' decision.

Step 2: Review

The Managing Editor assigns manuscripts to one of the Editorial Board Members and two to four reviewers. External referees are consulted when additional expertise is required. All reviewers are working scientists and therefore are in the best position to judge the work's quality and importance. All board members and referees who review a manuscript remain unknown to the authors. The editors and reviewers treat every manuscript as privileged information, and they are instructed to exclude themselves from the review of any manuscript that might involve a conflict of interest. The reviewers recommend accepting, revising, or declining a paperbased upon the scientific merit and technical quality of the studies reported.

Step 3: Decision

Editors have the option of accepting, recommending modification, recommending additional external review, or rejecting. If the decision is Minor Revision or Major Revision, the authors have 15 days to resubmit a revised manuscript. Upon resubmission, the academic editor may choose to return the manuscript to the reviewers or render a decision based on his/her expertise. Quing Publications aims to provide authors with an initial decision within 2-3 months. After acceptance, manuscripts are published online at the end of every quarter (30^th Mar, 30^th Jun, 30^th Sep, and 30^th Dec) after proofreading.

Step 4: Proof Reading

You can annotate and add comments in a Word document. If, for any reason, this is not possible, mark the corrections and any other comments on a printout of your proof and return by scan the pages and email to editor@quingpublications.com. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness, and correctness of the text, tables, and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will be considered at this stage only with permission from the editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately; please reply with your corrections within 24 hours. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.

Note that Quing Publications may proceed with the publication of your article, with no further editing, if no response is received.

Step 5: Complaint Policy

If you wish to appeal a decision, you should email the editor who handled the whole submission inquiry and review process, explaining in detail your reasons for any complaints or the appeal. The email should be sent to editor@quingpublications.com. Appeals will only be considered when a reviewer or editor is thought to have a significant error or bias or when the objectivity is compromised by a documented competing interest. Either of these reasons would change the original decision. All appeals will be discussed with another editor, with a total number of three editors involved. The majority rule will be applied. The processing of appeals will usually take no longer than two weeks. While under appeal, a manuscript remains under formal consideration and should not be submitted for consideration elsewhere. We do not consider second appeals.

The Flow chart of peer review and editorial Decision Process

Manuscript Preparation

General Considerations

Research manuscripts should comprise:

• Frontmatter consists of Title, List of Author(s) and their Affiliations, Abstract, and Keywords.
• Research manuscript sections that contain Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, implication, Conclusions, and the direction of future research (if any)
• The back matter includes Supplementary Materials, Acknowledgments, Author Contributions, Conflicts of Interest, and References.

Front Matter

These sections should appear in all manuscript types

Title

•  It should be concise, specific, and relevant.
• It should identify if the study reports (human or animal) trial data or is a systematic review, meta-analysis, or replication study.
• When a gene or protein name is included, the abbreviated name rather than the full name should be used.
• Avoid abbreviations.
• The usual limit for titles is 10 to 12 words (not counting “and,” “of,” and similar conjunctions and prepositions).
• Avoid Redundant Phrases if possible (e.g., A Study of, A review of, A Survey of, etc.)

Author List and Affiliations

• The authors' full first and last name must be provided. The initials of any middle names can be added.
• The format is used for affiliations: complete address information, including city, zip code, state/province, country, and all email addresses.
• At least one author should be designated as the corresponding author, and his/her email address and other details should be included at the end of the affiliation section. Please read the criteria to qualify for authorship.

Abstract

• The Abstract should be a total of about 250 words maximum.
• The abstract should be a single paragraph and should follow the style of structured abstracts.

Background & Objective

• Place the question addressed in a broad context and highlight the purpose of the study

Methods

• Describe the main methods or treatments applied. Include any relevant pre-registration numbers and species and strains of any animals used

Results

• Summarize the article's main findings.

Conclusion

• Indicate the main conclusions or interpretations.

1. Do not cite figures, tables, websites, or references.
2. Avoid equations.
3. Must not contain results which are not presented and substantiated in the main text.
4. Should not exaggerate the main conclusions.

Keywords

• Provide a maximum of 9 keywords
• Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible.
• Avoid general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, "and", "of")

Research Manuscript Sections

• Introduction The introduction should briefly place the study in a broad context and highlight why it is essential. It should define the purpose of the work and its significance, including specific hypotheses being tested. The current state of the research field should be reviewed carefully, and key publications cited. Please highlight controversial and diverging hypotheses when necessary. Finally, briefly mention the main aim of the work and highlight the main conclusions. Keep the introduction comprehensible to scientists working outside the topic of the paper.
• Materials and Methods In this section, authors should clearly mention when and where the study was conducted. They should be described in sufficient detail to allow others to replicate and build on published results. New methods and protocols should be described in detail, while well-established methods can be briefly described and appropriately cited. Give the name and version of any software used and clarify whether the computer code used is available. Include any pre-registration codes.
• Results Provide a concise and precise description of the experimental results, their interpretation as well as the experimental conclusions that can be drawn.
• Discussion Authors should discuss the results and how they can be interpreted from previous studies and the working hypotheses. The findings and their implications should be discussed in the broadest context possible and the limitations of the work highlighted. Future research directions may also be mentioned. This section may be combined with Results.
• Conclusions This section is not mandatory but can be added to the manuscript if the discussion is unusually long or complex.
• Patents This section is not mandatory but may be added if patents result from the work reported in this manuscript.

Back Matter

• Supplementary Materials Describe any supplementary material published online alongside the manuscript (figure, tables, video, spreadsheets, etc.). Please indicate the name and title of each element as follows Figure S1: title, Table S1: title, etc.
• Acknowledgments All sources of funding of the study should be disclosed. Clearly indicate grants that you have received in support of your research work and if you have received funds to cover publication costs. 
• Author Contributions Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study.

References should be described as follows, depending on the type of work:

Journal Articles:

• Last name, First Name., (Year). “Title of the article”. Abbreviated Journal Name, Volume (Issue/version), page range. Available online: URL (accessed on Day Month Year). DOI:
• e.g., Qurie, J., & Sahayaraj, V., (2020). “Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance”. Quing: International Journal of Commerce and Management Sciences, 1 (10), pp. 101 – 120. Available online: https://www.quingpublications.com/ijcms/1(10)-qpjcms101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.XXXX/IJCM-01-2021-0001.

Books and Book Chapters:

• Author1 (Last name, First name)., & Author2 (Last name, First name)., “Book Title”, 3rd ed.; Publisher: Publisher Location, Country, Year; page range.
• e.g., Julius, S., & Mary, M. C., “Engineering Economics and Management Sciences”, 3rd ed., Book Doula Publication, Chennai, India, 2019, pp. 1 – 256.
• Author1 (Last name, First name), Author2 (Last name, First name)., & Author3 (Last name, First name). “Title of the chapter”. In Book Title, 2nd ed.; Editor 1, A., Editor 2, B., Eds.; Publisher: Publisher Location, Country, Year; Volume 3, pp. 154–196.

Unpublished work, submitted work, personal communication:

• Author1 (Last name, First name)., & Author2 (Last name, First name)., “Title of Unpublished Work”. Status (Unpublished; Manuscript in preparation).
• Author1 (Last name, First name)., & Author2 (Last name, First name)., “Title of Unpublished Work”. Abbreviated Journal Name. Stage of publication (Under Review; Accepted; In press, etc.).
• Author1 (Last name, First name)., (University, City, State, Country); Author2 (Last name, First name)., (Institute, City, State, Country). “Personal communication”, Year.

Conference Proceedings:

• Author1 (Last name, First name), Author2 (Last name, First name)., & Author3 (Last name, First name). “Title of Presentation”. In Title of the Collected Work (if available), Proceedings of the Name of the Conference, Location of Conference, Country, Date of Conference; Editor1, Editor2, Eds. (if available); Publisher: City, Country, Year (if available); Abstract Number (optional), Pagination (optional).

Thesis:

• Author1 (Last name, First name), “Title of Thesis”. Level of Thesis, Degree-Granting University, Location of University, Date of Completion.
• e.g., Kumar, R., “Service Quality Gaps Among the Selected Public and Private Sector Banks in Tiruchirappalli District”. Ph.D. Degree Awarded, Madras University, Chennai, 07/10/2020.

Websites:

• Title of Site. Available online: URL (accessed on Day Month Year). Unlike published works, websites may change over time or disappear, so we encourage you to create an archive of the cited website using a service such as WebCite. Archived websites should be cited using the link provided as follows:
• Title of Site. URL (archived on Day Month Year).
• e.g., Quing Publications (2020). “The Research Material”. Retrieved 07th October 2020, from Quing Publications: https://www.quingpublications.com/

Preparing Figures, Schemes, and Tables

• File for Figures and schemes must be provided during submission in a single zip archive and sufficiently high resolution (minimum 1000 pixels width/height, or a resolution of 300 dpi or higher). Standard formats are accepted; however, PNG, JPEG, and PDF are preferred.
• All Figures, Schemes, and Tables should be inserted into the main text close to their first citation and must be numbered following their number of appearances (Figure 1, Scheme I, Figure 2, Scheme II, Table 1, etc.).
• All Figures, Schemes, and Tables should have a short explanatory title and caption. All table columns should have an explanatory heading. To facilitate the copy-editing of the larger tables, smaller fonts may be used, but no less than 8 pt. in size. Authors should use the Table option of Microsoft Word to create tables.
• Authors are encouraged to prepare figures and schemes in color (RGB at 8-bit per channel). There is no additional cost for publishing full-color graphics.
• Supplementary Materials, Data Deposit, and Software Source Code

Authorship

Authorship provides credit for a researcher's contributions to a study and carries accountability. Authors are expected to fulfil the criteria below

The author is expected to have made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in work; or have drafted the work or substantively revised it and to have approved the submitted version (and any substantially modified version that involves the author's contribution to the study) and to have agreed both be personally accountable for the author's own contributions and to ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work, even ones in which the author was not personally involved, are appropriately investigated, resolved, and the resolution documented in the literature.

Quing Publications do not require all authors of a research paper to sign the letter of submission, nor do they impose an order on the list of authors. Submission to Quing Publications is taken by the journal to mean that all the listed authors have agreed with the contents, including the author list and author contribution statements. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that this agreement has been reached that all authors have agreed to be so listed, have approved the manuscript submission to the journal, and manage all communication between the journal and all co-authors before and after publication. The corresponding author is also responsible for submitting a competing interests statement on behalf of all authors of the paper.

It is expected that the corresponding author (and on multi-group collaborations, at least one member of each collaborating group, usually the most senior member of each submitting group or team, who accepts responsibility for the contributions to the manuscript from that team) will be responsible forthe following concerning data, code, and materials ensuring that data, materials, and code comply with transparency and reproducibility standards of the field and journal;

• Ensuring that original data/materials/code upon which the submission is based are preserved following best practices in the field so that they are retrievable for reanalysis;
• Confirming that data/materials/code presentation accurately reflects the original;
• Foreseeing and minimizing obstacles to the sharing of data/materials/code described in the work

At submission, the corresponding author must include written permission from the authors of the work concerned for mentioning any unpublished material cited in the manuscript (for example, others' data, in press manuscripts, personal communications, or work in preparation). The corresponding author also must identify at submission any material within the manuscript (such as figures) that has been published previously elsewhere and provide written permission from authors of the prior work and/or publishers, as appropriate, for the re-use of such material.

After acceptance, the corresponding author is responsible for the accuracy of all content in the proof, including the names of co-authors, addresses, and affiliations.

After publication, the corresponding author is the point of contact for queries about the published paper. It is their responsibility to inform all co-authors of any matters arising about the published article and ensure such issues are handled promptly. Authors of published material have a responsibility to inform the journal immediately if they become aware of any aspect that requires correction.

Any changes to the author list after submissions, such as a change in the order of the authors or the deletion or addition of authors, must be approved by every author. The Journal of Quing Publicationseditors are not in a position to investigate or adjudicate authorship disputes before or after publication. Such disagreements, if they cannot be resolved amongst authors, should be directed to the relevant publisher authority.

The primary affiliation for each author should be the institution where the majority of their work was done. If an author has subsequently moved, the current address may also be stated. Quing Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliation

Quing Publications encourage transparency by publishing author contribution statements. Authors are required to include a statement of responsibility in the manuscript, including review-type articles that specify the contribution of every author. The level of detail varies; some disciplines produce manuscripts that comprise discrete efforts readily articulated in detail, whereas other fields operate as group efforts at all stages. Author contribution statements are included in the published paper.

Quing Publications also allow one set of up to four co-authors to be specified as having contributed equally to work or having jointly supervised the work. Other equal contributions are best described in author contribution statements.

Acknowledgment

Contributors who do not meet the criteria for the above authorship categories should be only mentioned in acknowledgments. Authors are expected to get consent from all those persons/organizations/funding agencies to be acknowledged within the manuscript.

Licensing and Copyright

For all articles published in the journal ofQuing Publications, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. Besides, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work while ensuring that the authors receive proper credit.

In exceptional circumstances, articles may be licensed differently. If you have a specific condition (such as one linked to funding) that does not allow this license, please mention this to the journal's editorial office at the time of submission. Exceptions will be granted at the discretion of the publisher.

Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers

It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables, or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain or for which they do not hold the copyright. The authors should request permission from the copyright holder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyright holder).

Permission is required for:

• Other Publishers published your works and for which you did not retain copyright.
• Substantial extracts from anyone's works or a series of works.
• Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes, and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
• Photographs for which you do not hold the copyright.

Permission is not required for:

• Reconstruction of your table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case, you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
• Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
• Graphs, Charts, Schemes, and Artwork that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.

Obtaining Permission

In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. The journal of Quing Publications cannot publish material from other publications without permission.

The copyright holder may give you instructions in the form of acknowledgment to be followed; otherwise, follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.

Policy

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Pricing Policy

Preamble

• This policy shall be called “Quing Publications”. The policy shall be applicable to all users/authors visiting this website. This policy lays down the price range of our services and the modes and schedules of payment.
• The Services are provided by Quing Publications, located at 80/1, Kottucherry Salai, Keezha Nedungadu, Nedungadu (Post), Karaikal (District), U T of Puducherry, India – 609603.
• By using our Services, you agree to these terms. Please read them carefully;

Section – I: Price Range

• Quing Publications has customized pricing according to the acceptance of the book/book chapter/proceedings/articles submitted by the user/author. The details are provided to the user/author beforehand in the form of “Submission Guidelines” that can be found at https://www.quingpublications.com/for-authors/. Typically, the range of transactions on our website is min ₹750/$30. However, the payment amount might vary if there are multiple submissions from the user/author.

Section – II: Schedule of Payment

• The payment of publication amount is for a fixed duration, i.e., 5-7 days from the date of notification of payment due. The period of payment in these cases varies from the 4th day of a month to the 11th day of the same month.

Section – III: Price Matching

• Quing Publications, we are committed to offering you the best possible publication rates. We will be glad to meet our competitor’s pricing if a user/author ever finds a service that we offer, in the same manner, and with the same repute, available from a similar publishing house.
• We cannot match prices from other publication houses as we offer unmatched services of international repute and international circulation among other countries.

Section – IV: Payment Adjustment

4.1 Obligation after making Full Payment

• Once a user/author makes the payment of the full publication amount, and the final submission process is completed, then the amount will not be reversed in any way (Refer Cancellation & Refund Policy). It would be deemed that the user/author has agreed to publish their manuscript in the journal of Quing Publications.

4.2 Obligation after making Excess Payment

• When a user/author makes a payment of an excess amount of the payment requested for the concerned journal of Quing Publications, shall notify the user/author regarding the excess amount received regarding the payment due. When the author/user requests for a refund of the excess amount, the concerned journal of Quing Publications shall make every effort to refund the excess amount received within a period of 21 working days.

4.3 Obligation after making Insufficient Payment

• In case when a user/author make a payment of the amount that is less than the amount payable, the concerned journal of Quing Publications shall hold the amount and would notify the user/author to make the payment of the remaining amount, failing which the publication of the manuscript will be put on hold until the full payment is received.

Section – V: Pricing Errors

• We work hard to ensure the accuracy of pricing. Despite our efforts, pricing errors may still occur. If a publication fee is higher than the price conveyed initially, we will make all efforts to fix the price error and notify the user/author regarding the same so as to enable the user/author to make the payment of the appropriate amount.

Section – VI: Checkout Box

• Items in your Checkout Box reflect the current price displayed on the website’s Submission Guidelines Page. Please note: This amount may differ from the amount displayed when there are multiple publication requests.

Section – VII: Support System

• Our Support Team is always ready to assist you with any queries regarding publication. To contact us, support@quingpublications.com.

CrossMark Policy

Applying the CrossMark icon is a commitment by Quing Publications to maintain the content published and alert readers to changes if and when they occur.

What is CrossMark?

CrossMark, a multi-publisher initiative from CrossRef, provides a standard way for readers to locate the authoritative version of a document. Elsevier recognizes the importance of the integrity and completeness of the scholarly record to researchers and librarians and attaches the highest importance to maintaining trust in the authority of its electronic archive. Clicking on the Crossmark icon will inform the reader of the current status of a document and may also provide additional publication record information about the document.

Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering content and CrossMark

Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering content which will display CrossMark icon is restricted to current and future journal content and limited to specific publication types listed in the below table and only on content hosted by the official websites of Quing Publications.

Publication Types

Type of Article	Short Description
Addendum	Addendum is published if authors have omitted a significant information inadvertently during manuscript submission and would like to add this content to the article after publication.
Book Review	Review of a published book.
Case Report	Used in medical literature: A detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient.
Correspondence	Letter to the editor or a reply to the letter.
Corrigenda	Corrigenda is published when authors realise that errors in the published article could affect the validity of the scientific content, or its accuracy.
Errata	An Errata will be published only when mistakes are recognized in the published article which went unnoticed during Editing and Layout setting in Figures, Tables etc.
Full Length Article	Complete report on original research results.
Removal	The abstract/text of the article is removed. The HTML/PDF pages of the article are completely removed and replaced by a single page with citation details and an explanation is provided for removal.
Replacement	The article will be retracted as per retraction of an article, with the difference that a link to the corrected re-published article will be placed on the HTML and PDF versions of the paper and on the page with the retraction notice.
Retraction	The abstract/text of the article is retracted. The HTML pages are replaced by a single page with citation details and an explanation is provided for retraction. The PDF pages remain with a watermark on every page to notify it is retracted.
Review Article	Brief summary of previously published original research articles.
Short Communication	Short report or announcement of research, usually claiming certain results, usually with a shorter publication time than other papers in the same publication. Appear under many names, such as Letter Papers, Preliminary notes, Notes, etc.
Short Review	Short or mini-review.

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Section 8 - Age of Consent

By using this site, you represent that you are at least the age of majority in your state or province of residence, or that you are the age of majority in your state or province of residence, and you have given us your consent to allow any of your minor dependents to use this site.

Section 9 - Changes to this Privacy Policy

We reserve the right to modify this privacy policy at any time, so please review it frequently. Changes and clarifications will take effect immediately upon their posting on the website. If we make material changes to this policy, we will notify you here that it has been updated so that you are aware of what information we collect, how we use it, and under what circumstances, if any, we use and/or disclose it.

If our publication is acquired or merged with other publications, your information may be transferred to the new owners so that we may continue to deliver our service to you.

Section 10 - Questions and Contact Information

If you would like to: access, correct, amend or delete any personal information we have about you, register a complaint, or want more information contact our Privacy Compliance Officer at support@quingpublications.com or by mail at 80/1, East Street, Kottucherry Salai, Keezha Nedungadu, Nedungadu (Post), Karaikal (District), U T of Puducherry, India.

Cancellation

Terms and Conditions of Quing Publications have to be accepted by the Author during Initial Submission and Final Submission and also has to be accepted by duly signing the Author Declaration Form. The author is already given ample time to consider publishing with us or not before making Payment or Final Submission. Journal performs all the processes promptly and on time, for which it has to pay the cost too and bear the expenses.

The author may withdraw the paper, and Quing Publications will have no objection if the said withdrawn article is published somewhere else.

₹1000 or $20 will be deducted if the Author wishes to cancel the publication with us after completing the Payment but is yet to complete the Final Submission.

No Refund will be issued if the Author wishes to cancel the publication with us after completing Payment and Final Submission / After completing the Publication process.  

Plagiarism Policy

"Plagiarism" can occur in two forms:

1. Author(s) intentionally copy someone else’s work and claim it as their own, or
2. Author(s) copy his or her own previously published material either in full or in part, without providing appropriate references - also called "self-plagiarism" or "duplicate-publication".

Plagiarism before publication

The journal of Quing Publications will judge any case of plagiarism on its own merits. If plagiarism is detected, either by the editors, peer reviewers, or editorial staff at any stage before publication of a manuscript - before or after acceptance, during editing or at page proof stage, we will alert the author(s), asking him or her to either rewrite the text or quote the text exactly and to cite the original source. If the plagiarism is extensive - that is, if at least 20% of the original submission is plagiarized - the article may be rejected, and the author's institution/employer notified.

When is a plagiarism check done?

Every manuscript submitted for publication in the journal ofQuing Publications is checked for plagiarism after submission and before being sent to an editor for editorial review.

How is a plagiarism check done?

Turnitin has offices in Australia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Over 15,000 academic institutions, publishers, and corporations use our services: Feedback Studio, Gradescope, iThenticate, Turnitin Originality, Turnitin Similarity, and ExamSoft.

How are manuscripts with plagiarism handled?

The manuscripts in which plagiarism is detected are handled based on the extent of plagiarism present in the manuscript.

• If ≤10% of plagiarism – The manuscript is assigned with a manuscript ID, and it is immediately sent to the Editor-in-Chief of the concerned journal for editorial review.
• If 10% to 25% of plagiarism – The manuscript is NOT assigned with a manuscript ID, and it is immediately sent back to the authors for content revision.
• If ≥25% plagiarism – The manuscript is rejected without editorial review. The authors are advised to revise the plagiarized parts of the manuscript and resubmit it as a new manuscript.

Why are manuscripts with ≥25% plagiarismrejected?

It is our experience that if a submitted manuscript has more than or equal to 25% of plagiarism, it is implausible that the authors will revise the manuscript and submit the revised version. If the manuscript is kept in the journal publication system indefinitely, it creates an extra burden on the technical and human resources. However, authors are welcome to do the required revisions and submit the manuscript as a new submission.

How is the percentage of plagiarized text calculated?

The percentage of plagiarism is calculated by the software and also assessed manually. Please note that the plagiarized text may be scattered throughout the manuscript, or it may be as a single paragraph or as a single block of text with multiple paragraphs. In some cases, it may not be easy to calculate the exact percentage of plagiarized text. Some examples of different percentages are given below:

The calculation for a single page with the following parameters: Size – A4; Margins – 1 inch on all four sides; Line spacing – 1.15, Font Size – 12; Font Type – Cambria; Text Lines – 45.

 Example 1:

5% plagiarized text: 2.25 lines per page (total of 45 lines per page)

10% plagiarized text: 4.5 lines per page (total of 45 lines per page)

25% plagiarized text: 11.25 lines per page (total of 45 lines per page)

50% plagiarized text: 22.5 lines per page (total of 45 lines per page)

Example 2:

The red coloured text is the plagiarized text.

Is it possible that plagiarism/duplicate publication may not be detected in a manuscript submitted for publication?

Sometimes it may not be possible to detect plagiarism/duplicate publication in a manuscript submitted for publication. Some situations are:

Plagiarism

It may happen that the manuscript is not freely accessible to article indexing services due to restrictions by programmers, journals, or publishers, or it is available on the journal website but not yet indexed by article indexing services. In such cases, when a plagiarism check is done, the content of the manuscript being checked cannot be compared to the original manuscript due to restrictions, and plagiarism will not be detected.

Duplicate publication

• The same manuscript, with or without minor changes, is submitted to two or more journals at the same time, and it is published in both journals,
• A manuscript is submitted to a journal, but it is withdrawn from the journal before publication and is submitted to another journal; however, it is still published in the first journal.

In the above cases, when the pre-processing check is done by one journal, the duplicate publication will not be detected, as the manuscript is still under process in the other journal and has not been published online. One journal will likely publish the manuscript, unaware that it is also being published in the other journal.

After the manuscript is published in all the above examples, readers will see two published articles in two different journals with all or some content that is exactly the same.

What can you do if you come across a case of plagiarism in any journal from any publisher?

If you come across a case of plagiarism in any journal from any publisher, please do inform the editorial office(s) of all the involved journals, giving them the journal names, the title of manuscripts, name of authors, volume number, issue number, year of publication and any other information you may have. The editorial offices will handle the cases as per their policy.

Plagiarism after publication

If plagiarism is detected after publication, the journal ofQuing Publications will conduct an investigation. If plagiarism is found, the concernedjournal’s editorial office will contact the author’s institute and funding agencies. The paper containing the plagiarism will be marked on each page of the PDF. Depending on the extent of the plagiarism, the paper may also be formally retracted.

Guideline for Editors

Open Access

Quing Publications is a peer-reviewed open access international journal(s) dedicated to publishing scientifically sound research work worldwide. It means that readers can access published material for free without paying a subscription charge. Articles published in Quing Publications are freely available immediately after publication. This means that researchers, students, and interested laypeople from anywhere in the world have rapid access to the latest research through Quing Publications. We finance publication through Article Processing Charges (APC), paid by the authors and their institutions. APCs cover the cost of managing the peer review process, professional copy-editing, and promotion of the published article;Quing Publications has no other source of income. For authors, open access provides a potentially wider circle of readers for their research papers, with some research suggesting that open access papers are more highly cited.

Editorial Offices

The in-house staff consists of Managing Editors, Assistant Editors, Production Editors, English Editors, Copyeditors, Data Specialists, Software Engineers, Web Developer, and Administrative Specialists. Our collaborating editors on our Editorial Board are typically employed in academic institutions or corporate research facilities located worldwide. The contact with the in-house editorial staff is mainly by e-mail and telephone. Assistant Editors process manuscripts through the peer-review and production procedures; Managing Editors have the editorial responsibility for the journals; Production Editors, English Editors, Copy Editors, and Data Specialists are responsible for putting accepted content into a publishable format (full-text PDF, XML, and HTML versions).

Editorial Process, Peer-Review, and Production

Articles submitted to Quing Publications are subject to strict peer-reviewing. Quing Publications operates double-blind peer-review (the reviewers do not know the authors' identities until the paper has been published). The online submission system of Quing Publications; Registration incorporates online tools for manuscript submission, peer-reviewing, and editorial decision making.

Once a manuscript is submitted, the in-house Managing Editor will receive the submission, who will subsequently coordinate the whole editorial process for the manuscript: peer-review, decision-making, possible authors' revision, manuscript acceptance, copy editing, English editing, proofreading, and final publication. An in-house Academic Editor will be assigned to the submitted article and will send review invitations.

At least two reports per manuscript are collected for each manuscript—three if the first two differ substantially. Reviewers must hold a Ph.D., have not published with the authors in the previous five years, and have recent publications in the field of the submitted manuscript.

The Editor-in-Chief, Guest Editor, or a suitable editorial board member can make the final acceptance or rejection decision for a manuscript, usually after author revision. We typically allow only one round of major revisions.

After accepting an article for publication, the in-house editorial staff will organize the paper's production, which entails copy editing, English editing, and final production in preparation for publication on the journal website. Quing Publications is structured in yearly volumes and quarterly issues. Nevertheless, after successful completion of proof-reading, articles are published online at the end of every quarter.

Editor-In-Chief Responsibilities

The Editor-in-Chief is the head of the journal and is mainly responsible for the scientific quality of the journal. Quing Publications does not need the Editor-in-Chief to be actively involved in the editorial process, i.e., the editorial team will take care of the majority of contact with authors and reviewers.

The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for assisting the Editorial Office in the management of the journal, which entails:

• Scientific decisions about the journal's scope,
• Inviting distinguished scientists to join the editorial board,
• Suggesting topics for special issues,
• Assisting the Guest Editors in the setup of special issues,
• He/She was overviewing the editorial process for individual manuscripts (mainly by taking the final decision whether a paper can be published after peer-review and revisions).

The position of Editor-in-Chief is honorary. As a reward for his/her efforts, the Editor-in-Chief can publish his/her papersfree of charge. The initial term of the Editor-in-Chief position is three years and can be renewed by the Managing Editor.

Editorial Board Member Responsibilities:

An Editorial Board member will be asked to review Seven or Eight manuscripts in a year and may help edit a special issue on a topic related to their research interests. Additionally, the Editorial Board members will be approached for input or feedback regarding new regulations relating to the journal from time to time. Editorial Board members are also encouraged to help to promote the journal among their peers or at conferences. The communication with Editorial Board members is done primarily by E-mail. The initial term for an Editorial Board membership is three years and can be renewed by the Managing Editor. An Editorial Board member may also step down from the position at any time if he or she feels overloaded by the requests from the journal's Editorial Office.

Guest Editor Responsibility / Guest Editing A Special Issue

We appreciate collaborations with scholars all over the world. Special issues are usually edited by a Guest Editor who invites colleagues from the same research field to contribute an article on a topic within their expertise. The Guest Editor works together with the Editorial Office to prepare a description and keywords for the special issue web page. We aim for at least ten articles published per special issue. Often, the Guest Editor will also write an editorial paper for the special issue. The Guest Editor usually makes decisions on accepting manuscripts submitted to their special issue (depending on the journal's policy – insome cases, they may make a recommendation to the Editor-in-Chief). Papers belonging to a special issue are published online in the journal immediately after acceptance and collected together on the special issue webpage. This means that there is no delay for authors who submit their work: it will appear shortly after approval, even if other papers in the special issue are still being processed.

Guest Editors should not hold conflicts of interest with authors whose work they are assessing, e.g., if they are from the same institution or collaborate closely. In this case, the Editor-in-Chief or a suitable editorial board member will make final acceptance decisions for submitted papers.

Guidelines for Reviewer

Quing Publications is sincerely grateful to scholars who give their time to peer-review the submitted articles. Rigorous peer-review is the corner-stone of high-quality academic publishing.

Benefits

Peer review is an essential part of the publication process, ensuring that the journal of Quing Publications maintains high-quality published papers standards. Reviewing is often an unseen and unrewarded task. We are striving to recognize the efforts of reviewers.

Common Benefits to be a Peer-reviewer:

• Reviewing unpublished papers gives you a preview of the most recent research, so it helps you keep up with the rapidly expanding scholarship in your field of expertise.
• The task of reading and offering critical comments provides a valuable experience that can be applied to your writing and that of your students and colleagues to encourage improvements.
• Doing a thorough and penetrating job as a reviewer means lending a helping hand to a busy journal editor, and there is no doubt that it will be appreciated and remembered.
• Offering constructive and supportive criticism helps authors like yourself with their efforts to improve their research, writing, and chances of successfully sharing their work through publication. They may not know who you are, but most of them will be grateful for the assistance, even if it takes a while for them to feel that way.
• By working to validate, question, and improve the research published in your field, you perform a valuable service for readers of the journal and your scholarly community as a whole.
• By evaluating and recommending for publication papers reporting valid and significant research, you will support and encourage excellent research and promote and inspire the advancement of knowledge in your field.
• Reviewing also enables you to catch and prevent instances of plagiarism, intellectual misconduct, and unethical publication and research practices.
• Your reviews will enable the editor to make the best publishing choices, keeping poor scholarship to a minimum and ensuring that essential stages in the development of knowledge are published. The articles that result may even increase the number of readers and citations the journal earns.
• Acting as a peer reviewer for a reputable scholarly journal is beneficial to your career and can make a significant difference when it comes to employment, promotions, research and funding opportunities, and even your publication plans.
• By taking an active part in your scholarly community through peer review, you make new connections and become part of a research network that is likely to prove valuable and pleasurable throughout your career.
• If you do an excellent job when reviewing papers for a journal, you may be rewarded with a position on an editorial or advisory board, or you may even become an associate or chief editor for the journal, where you will be able to contribute to knowledge in your field in new ways.

When Reviewing for Quing Publications:

• The reviewer will receive a personalized reviewer certificate.
• Will be included in the journal’s annual acknowledgment of reviewers.
• Will be considered for the journal’s outstanding reviewer award.
• Finally, Quing Publications will waive or reduce publication fees if authors are willing to review papers by other scholars, so reviewing might save you a little money as well.

Invitation to Join Volunteer Reviewer Database:

If you are interested in reviewing articles for Quing Publications, please register your details Online or by mail.

The Managing Editor of the publication will send you a notification once your profile has been approved.

Invitation to Review

At least two experts review manuscripts submitted to Quing Publications. Reviewers are asked to evaluate the quality of the manuscript and to provide a recommendation to the external editor on whether a manuscript can be accepted, requires revisions, or should be rejected.

We Ask Invited Reviewers To:

• Accept or decline any invitations quickly, based on the manuscript title and abstract;
• Suggest alternative reviewers if an invitation must be declined;
• Request an extension in case more time is required to compose a report.

As part of the assessment, reviewers will be asked to:

• Rate the originality, significance, quality of the presentation, scientific soundness, interest to the readers, overall merit, and English level of the manuscript;
• Provide an overall recommendation for the publication of the manuscript;
• Provide a detailed and constructive review report;

Potential Conflicts of Interests

We ask reviewers to inform the journal editor if they hold a conflict of interest that may prejudice the review report positively or negatively. The editorial office will check as far aspossible before the invitation. However, we appreciate the cooperation of the reviewers in this matter. Reviewers who are invited to assess a manuscript they previously reviewed for another journal should not consider this as a conflict of interest in itself. In this case, reviewers should feel free to let us know if the manuscript has been improved or not compared to the previous version.

Confidentiality and Anonymity

Reviewers should keep the content of the manuscript, including the abstract, confidential. Reviewers must inform the Editorial Office if they would like a student or colleague to complete the review on their behalf.

Quing Publications operates single- or double-blind peer review. Reviewers should be careful and not reveal their identity to the authors, either in their comments or in metadata for reports submitted in Microsoft Word or PDF format.

Timely Review Reports

Quing Publications aims to provide an efficient and high-quality publishing service to authors and the scientific community. We ask reviewers to assist by providing review reports promptly. Please contact the editorial office if you require an extension to the review deadline.

Peer-Review and Editorial Procedure

All manuscripts sent for publication in our journals are strictly and thoroughly peer-reviewed by experts (including research and review articles, spontaneous submissions, and invited papers). The Managing Editor of the publication/journal will perform an initial check of the manuscript's suitability upon receipt. The Editorial Office will then organize the peer-review process performed by independent experts and collect at least two review reports per manuscript. We ask our authors for adequate revisions (with the second round of peer-review, if necessary) before a final decision is made. The academic editor made the final decision (usually the Editor-in-Chief of the concerned journal or the Guest Editor of a Special Issue). Accepted articles are copy-edited and English-edited by the specialist.

Rating the Manuscript

Please rate the following aspects of the manuscript:

• Originality/Novelty: Is the question original and well defined? Do the results provide an advance in current knowledge?
• Significance: Are the results interpreted appropriately? Are they significant? Are all conclusions justified and supported by the results? Are hypotheses and speculations carefully identified as such?
• Quality of Presentation: Is the article written properly? Are the data and analyses presented appropriately? Are the highest standards for presentation of the results used?
• Scientific Soundness: is the study correctly designed and technically sound? Are the analyses performed with the highest technical standards? Are the data robust enough to conclude? Are the methods, tools, software, and reagents described with sufficient details to allow another researcher to reproduce the results?
• Interest to the Readers: Are the conclusions interesting for the readership of the Journal? Will the paper attract a wide readership or be of interest only to a limited number of people?
• Overall Merit: Is there an overall benefit to publishing this work? Does the work provide an advance towards the current knowledge? Have the authors addressed an important long-standing question with clever experiments?
• English Level: Is the English language appropriate and understandable?

Manuscripts submitted to the concerned journal of Quing Publications should meet the highest standards of publication ethics:

• Manuscripts should only report results that have not been submitted or published before, even in part.
• Manuscripts must be original and should not reuse text from another source without appropriate citation.
• For biological studies, the studies reported should have been carried out by generally accepted ethical research standards.

If reviewers become aware of such scientific misconduct or fraud, plagiarism, or any other unethical behaviour related to the manuscript, they should raise these concerns with the in-house editor immediately.

Overall Recommendation

Please provide an overall recommendation for the publication of the manuscript as follows:

• Accept in Present Form: The paper is accepted without any further changes.
• Accept after Minor Revisions: The paper is in principle accepted after revision based on the reviewer's comments. Five days have been given to the author(s) for minor revisions.
• Reconsider after Major Revisions: The acceptance of the manuscript would depend on the revisions. The author needs to provide a point-by-point response or provide a rebuttal if some of the reviewer's comments cannot be revised. Usually, only one round of major revisions is allowed. Authors will be asked to resubmit the revised paper within ten days,and the revised version will be returned to the reviewer for further comments.
• Reject: The article has serious flaws, makes no original contribution, and the paper is rejected with no offer of resubmission to the journal.

Review Report

Review reports should contain:

• A summary (one short paragraph) outlining the aim of the paper and its main contributions.
• Broad comments highlighting areas of strength and weakness. These comments should be specific enough for authors to be able to respond.
• Specific comments are referring to line numbers, tables, or figures. Reviewers need not comment on formatting issues that do not obscure the meaning of the paper, as editors will address these.

Note that Quing Publications follow several standards and guidelines, including those from the ICMJE (medical journals), CONSORT (trial reporting), TOP (data transparency and openness), PRISMA (systematic reviews and meta-analyses), and ARRIVE (reporting of in vivo experiments). Reviewers familiar with the guidelines should report any concerns they have about their implementation.

Your comments should not include an indication of whether you think the article should be accepted for publication. For further guidance on writing a critical review, please refer to the following documents:

• COPE Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers. Committee on Publication Ethics. Available online.
• Hames, I. Peer Review and Manuscript Management in Scientific Journals: Guidelines for Good Practice. Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford, UK, 2007.
• Writing a journal article review. Australian National University: Canberra, Australia, 2010. Available online.
• Golash-Boza, T. How to write a peer review for an academic journal: Six steps from start to finish. Available online.

Article Processing Charges (APC)

Quing Publications publishes all articles in full open access under a Creative Commons (CC BY) license. This license allows the scientific community and the general public to gain unlimited, free and immediate access to scholarly articles and reuse the content freely provided that proper attribution is given to the original authors.

Please Note:We are not a paid journal, as in, we do not publish papers in exchange for a mere fee. Papers that are accepted for publication after undergoing a stringent double-blind peer review process and after all corrections/changes have been made by the authors are shortlisted for publication. After acceptance of a paper, the authors have to pay the processing fee charges. However, since we are a private organization and are not supported by any patrons/advertisement revenue, Government support, or funds, our model of raising funds for running our journals as well as to maintain our editorial independence and also to generate revenue for the publication of each issue comes from subscription revenue and processing fee.

To cover the cost for providing our high-quality publishing service and free access to readers, authors pay a one-time Article Processing Charge (APC) for manuscripts accepted after peer-review. There are no charges for rejected articles, no submission charges, and no surcharges based on the length of an article, figures, or supplementary data. Editorial items (Editorials, Corrections, Additions, Retractions, Letters, Comments, etc.) are published free of charge.

Article Processing Cost (APC)'s Cover the Following

The editorial procedure includes administration related to peer review, author revisions, and final decision-making. Quing Publications employs in-house staff to manage the majority of this process, leaving editorial board members to make key scientific decisions and allowing them to concentrate on their research. To demonstrate the appreciation of the vital work done by reviewers and editorial board members, Quing Publications provides them with APC discounts and waivers. APCs also cover the administrative work done for accepted as well as rejected articles.

Article Production such as;

• Scanning the paper for plagiarism check using software licensed from USA (we have to pay in Dollars).
• Cost of issuing CrossRef DOIs and CrossRef CrossMark for the paper.
• Article Professional Language Editing, Type-Setting, Formatting, as well as Production in PDF and HTML formats.

Article Hosting and Dissemination

• Website Maintenance and Contact with Indexing Databases.

Journal Administration

• The administrational process includes managing the journal website and editorial board and promoting the research community's journal.

Philanthropy

• Quing Publications invests in projects that benefit the research community, including prizes, awards, and conference sponsorship. Quing Publications overheads and management costs are kept to a minimum, and the journal management, production, or IT tasks are outsourced to third parties.

Mode of Payment of APCs:

There are the following different ways of depositing fees for the publication of accepted papers. According to the suitability of the author,they can choose anyone of the below-given payment modes.

1. Credit/Debit Cards (All Master/Visa/Rupay/American Express/Discover)

Payment of article processing charge is an easy way for the author. The author(s) can pay the APC through their Credit and Debit Card(Rupay Card/Visa Card/Master Card/American Express/Discover)by online processes as follows.

2. Authors can also deposit/transfer the APC through Western Union/MoneyGram/Direct Transfer to the below given Bank Account.

Name of the Bank	Indian Bank
Branch	PKIET Campus, Serumavilangai
Name	Arul Edison Anthony Raj I
Account No	6829 8055 36
Account Type	Saving Bank Account
IFS Code	IDIB000P192

3. The author from India can also pay the APC through GPay/PhonePay(Only for India)