Submission Guidelines

Contents

Instructions for Authors

Important Information on Manuscript Preparation and Submission

The Quing: International Journal of Commerce and Management has recently transitioned to a new submission and peer review system. To streamline the review process and maintain anonymity between authors and reviewers, please adhere to the following guidelines for manuscript preparation and submission:

  1. All manuscripts must be submitted through the new online submission and peer review system. Ensure that you familiarize yourself with the system interface before submission.
  2. To preserve the anonymity of authors during the peer review process, do not include author names, affiliations, or any identifying information in the manuscript text or on the title page. Instead, provide this information directly in the designated fields within the submission system.
  3. Prepare your manuscript without any author-identifying details in the document itself. Follow the journal’s formatting guidelines (e.g., font, spacing, referencing style) as outlined in the submission system or on our website.
  4. Certain declarations, such as conflict of interest statements and acknowledgments, must be entered directly into the relevant sections of the submission system, rather than being included in the manuscript text.
  5. We are in the process of updating our manuscript submission guidelines to reflect these new procedures. Please refer to the latest guidelines available on our website for comprehensive instructions and ensure all necessary information and statements are submitted through the system as required.
  6. If you encounter any issues or have questions about the new submission process, please contact our editorial office for assistance.

Thank you for your cooperation and understanding as we implement these changes to improve our review process.

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Editorial Procedure

Double-Blind Peer Review

Quing: International Journal of Commerce and Management (Quing: IJCM) adheres to a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure the integrity and quality of our scholarly work. This means that the identities of both the authors and reviewers are concealed throughout the review process.

Authors are responsible for anonymizing their manuscript and any associated materials to maintain this confidentiality. Please adhere to the following guidelines:

  1. Anonymizing the Manuscript
    • Remove author names, affiliations, and other potentially identifying information from the manuscript text and all accompanying files (including figures and supplementary materials).
  2. Title Page Submission
    • Submit a separate Title Page that includes the following:
      • Title of the manuscript
      • Author names
      • Affiliations
      • Contact information for the corresponding author
      • Any acknowledgements, disclosures, or funding information
  3. Citing Own Work
    • Authors should be cautious when citing their own work. Citations should not reveal the author's identity. Refrain from using phrases like "As we have previously shown" and instead use third-person references such as "As has been previously shown."

We appreciate your cooperation in following these guidelines, which help us maintain high scholarly publishing and integrity standards. Don't hesitate to contact our editorial office if you have any questions regarding manuscript preparation or the submission process.

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Manuscript Submission

Manuscript Submission

The submission of a manuscript to "Quing: International Journal of Commerce and Management" implies that:

  • The work described has not been published previously.
  • It is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
  • The publication has been approved by all co-authors (if any) and by the responsible authorities, tacitly or explicitly, at the institution where the work was conducted.

The publisher will not be held legally responsible for any compensation claims.

Permissions

Authors who wish to include figures, tables, or text passages that have been previously published must obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both print and online formats. Evidence of such permissions must be included with the manuscript submission. Any material submitted without evidence of permission will be assumed to originate from the authors.

Online Submission

Please use the "Submit manuscript" hyperlink to upload all manuscript files. Follow the instructions provided on the screen for successful submission.

Source Files

Ensure that each submission and revision provide all relevant editable source files. Manuscripts submitted without a complete set of editable source files will not be considered for review.

The submission manuscript should be in OpenOffice, Microsoft Word, or RTF document, and the Image/pictorial representation file in PNG, JPG, or JPEG format will be accepted for publication.

Manuscript Length

There are no strict limits on manuscript length.

However, submissions exceeding 40 pages in journal format (including illustrations and references) should include a brief justification explaining why a shorter discussion of the research results is not advisable.

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Title Page

Please make sure your title page contains the following information.

Title

The title should be concise and informative.

Author Information

  • Full name of each author
  • Each author's affiliation(s) include designation, department, institution, city, state, and country.
  • A clear indication of the corresponding author's name and active email address.
  • If available, the 16-digit ORCID iD of each author(s)

If address information is provided with the affiliation(s), it will also be published.

For authors who are (temporarily) unaffiliated, only the city and country of residence will be captured unless the email address is specifically requested.

Note: Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, do not currently satisfy our authorship criteria. Authorship carries accountability for the work, which cannot be effectively applied to LLMs. The use of an LLM should be documented in the Methods section (or a suitable alternative section if a Methods section is unavailable) of the manuscript.

Abstract

Please provide an abstract of 150 to 250 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.

For life science journals only (when applicable):

  • Trial Registration Number and Date:
    • For prospectively registered trials
    • For retrospectively registered trials, provide the trial registration number and date followed by “retrospectively registered.”

Keywords

Please provide 4 to 6 keywords which can be used for indexing purposes.

Statements and Declarations

Include the following statements under the heading "Statements and Declarations" for inclusion in the published paper. Submissions that do not include relevant declarations will be returned as incomplete.

  • Competing Interests: Authors are required to disclose financial or non-financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication. Refer to the “Competing Interests and Funding” section in the submission guidelines for more information on completing this section. Customize the sample statements according to your needs.
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Text

Text Formatting

  • Manuscripts should be submitted in OpenOffice, Microsoft Word, or RTF document.
  • Use a normal, plain font (e.g., 11-point Cambria) for the text.
  • Italics can be used for emphasis.
  • Utilize the automatic page numbering function to number all pages.
  • Avoid using field functions.
  • Use tab stops or other commands for indents instead of the space bar.
  • For tables, use the table function rather than spreadsheets.
  • Use the equation editor or MathType to create equations.
  • Please save your file in .docx format (Word 2007 or higher) or .doc (older Word versions).

Headings

Please use the decimal system of headings with no more than three levels.

Abbreviations

Define abbreviations at their first mention and use them consistently thereafter.

Footnotes

  • Footnotes can be used to provide additional information, which may include citation of a reference included in the reference list. They should not consist solely of a reference citation and should never include the full bibliographic details of a reference.
  • Footnotes should not contain any figures or tables.
  • Footnotes to the text are numbered consecutively; those to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data).
  • Footnotes to the title or the authors of the article should not be given reference symbols.
  • Always use footnotes instead of endnotes.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements for individuals, grants, funds, etc., should be placed in a separate section on the title page. The names of funding organizations should be written in full.

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Scientific Style Guidelines

Mathematical Notation

Please use the standard mathematical notation for formulae, symbols, and other mathematical expressions:

  • Italic
    • Use italic style for single letters that denote mathematical constants, variables, and unknown quantities (e.g., x, y, z, a, b).
  • Roman/Upright
    • Use the Roman (upright) style for numerals, operators, and punctuation.
    • Commonly defined functions or abbreviations should also be in Roman style, including:
      • Trigonometric functions: cos, sin, tan
      • Other functions: exp, log, lim, det
      • Operators: max, min
      • Derivative notation: d (for derivative)
  • Bold
    • Use bold style for vectors, tensors, and matrices (e.g., v, T, A).

Adhering to these guidelines ensures clarity and consistency in the presentation of mathematical content in your manuscript.

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References

Citation Examples

Cite references in the text by name and year in parentheses. Some examples:

  • Parenthetical citation: (Thompson, 1990) / (Abbott, 1991; Barakat et al., 1995a, 1995b; Kelso & Smith, 1998; Medvec et al., 1999, 2000).
  • Narrative citation: Becker and Seligman (1996).

Reference List

  • References should be listed in alphabetical order by the last name of the first author.
  • For one author, sort by name, then chronologically.
  • For two authors, sort by the first author’s name, then by the second author’s name, then chronologically.
  • For more than two authors, sort by the first author’s name, then chronologically.
  • Include DOIs as full DOI links when available (for example, https://doi.org/suffix).

Examples in APA Style

Journal Article:

Gamelin, F. X., Baquet, G., Berthoin, S., Thevenet, D., Nourry, C., Nottin, S., & Bosquet, L. (2009). Effect of high-intensity intermittent training on heart rate variability in prepubescent children. Quing: Int. J. Commer. Manag, 105(5), 731-738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0955-8

Ideally, the names of all authors should be provided, but the usage of “et al” in long author lists will also be accepted:

Gamelin, F. X., Baquet, G., Berthoin, S., et al (1999). Effect of high-intensity intermittent training on heart rate variability in prepubescent children. Quing: Int. J. Commer. Manag, 105(5), 731-738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0955-8

Article by DOI:

Slifka, M. K., & Whitton, J. L. (2000). Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. Journal of Molecular Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001090000086

Book:

South, J., & Blass, B. (2001). The future of modern genomics. Blackwell.

Book Chapter:

Brown, B., & Aaron, M. (2001). The politics of nature. In J. Smith (Ed.), The rise of modern genomics (3rd ed., pp. 230-257). Wiley.

Online Document:

Cartwright, J. (2007). Big stars have weather too. IOP Publishing PhysicsWeb. http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/11/6/16/1. Accessed 26 June 2007

Dissertation:

Trent, J. W. (1975). Experimental acute renal failure (Doctoral dissertation, University of California).

Magazine Article:

Schaefer, N. K., & Shapiro, B. (2019, September 6). The new middle chapter in the story of human evolution. Science, 365(6457), 981–982. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay3550

Newspaper Article:

Carey, B. (2019, March 22). Can we get better at forgetting? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/22/health/memory-forgetting-psychology.html

Refer APA Guideline for more reference examples

Ensure that the standard abbreviation of a journal’s name is used according to the ISSN List of Title Word Abbreviations. If unsure, use the full journal title.

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Specific Remarks

The following list of examples guides the use of standard abbreviations by the ISSN List of Title Word Abbreviations:

Quing: International Journal of Commerce and Management Quing: Int. J. Commer. Manag.
Journal of Business and Economic Studies J. Bus. Econ. Stud.
International Review of Management and Business Research Int. Rev. Manag. Bus. Res.
Journal of International Business Studies J. Int. Bus. Stud.

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Tables

When preparing tables for your manuscript, please adhere to the following guidelines to ensure clarity and consistency:

  1. Numbering
    • Number all tables consecutively using Arabic numerals (e.g., Table 1, Table 2, etc.).
    • Ensure tables are cited in the text in numerical order.
  2. Table Caption
    • Provide a concise and informative caption (title) for each table.
    • The caption should clearly explain the components and content of the table.
  3. Source Identification
    • If any material in the table has been previously published, identify the original source as a reference at the end of the table caption.
  4. Footnotes
    • Use superscript lower-case letters (e.g., a, b, c) to indicate footnotes within the table.
    • For significance values and other statistical data, asterisks (e.g., *, **) can be used.
    • Include all footnotes directly beneath the table body for clarity.

Following these guidelines ensures that your tables are well-organized, properly referenced, and easily understood by readers.

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Artwork and Illustrations Guidelines

Electronic Figure Submission

  • Supply all figures electronically.
  • Indicate the software used to create the artwork.
  • Formats:
    • For vector graphics, use EPS format.
    • For halftones, use TIFF format.
    • MS Office files are also acceptable.
  • Ensure fonts in vector graphics are embedded.
  • Name your figure files with "Fig" followed by the figure number (e.g., Fig1.eps).

Line Art

  • Black and white graphics with no shading.
  • Ensure all lines and lettering are clear at the final size.
  • All lines should be at least 0.1 mm (0.3 pt) wide.
  • Scanned line drawings and line drawings in bitmap format should have a minimum resolution of 1200 dpi.
  • Fonts in vector graphics must be embedded.

Halftone Art

  • Photographs, drawings, or paintings with fine shading.
  • Indicate magnification using scale bars within the figures.
  • Halftones should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.

Combination Art

  • A mix of halftone and line art, such as halftones with line drawings, extensive lettering, or colour diagrams.
  • Combination artwork should have a minimum resolution of 600 dpi.

Colour Art

  • Colour art is free of charge for online publication.
  • Ensure information remains visible in black and white. Test by making a xerographic copy.
  • Do not refer to colour in captions if the print version is black and white.
  • Submit colour illustrations in RGB (8 bits per channel).

Figure Lettering

  • Use Cambria or Calisto (serif fonts).
  • Keep lettering consistently sized, about 2–3 mm (8–12 pt).
  • Minimize variance in type size within an illustration.
  • Do not use shading, outline letters, etc.
  • Do not include titles or captions within the illustrations.

Figure Numbering

  • Number all figures using Arabic numerals.
  • Cite figures in the text in consecutive numerical order.
  • Denote figure parts with lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).
  • Continue main text numbering for figures in the appendix. Online appendices (Supplementary Information) should be numbered separately.

Figure Captions

  • Provide a concise caption describing the figure accurately.
  • Include captions in the manuscript text file, not in the figure file.
  • Captions begin with "Fig." in bold type, followed by the figure number in bold type (e.g., Fig. 1).
  • Identify all elements in the figure within the caption.
  • Cite previously published material at the end of the caption.

Figure Placement and Size

  • Submit figures within the manuscript text. Large figures can be submitted separately if file size is an issue.
  • Figures should be 84 mm (double-column width) or 174 mm (single-column width) wide and not higher than 234 mm.
  • Figures should be 119 mm wide and not higher than 195 mm.

Permissions

Obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both print and online formats. Be aware that some publishers may charge for electronic rights, and the journals under Quing Publications do not cover these costs.

Accessibility

  • Provide descriptive captions for all figures (Blind users could then utilize text-to-speech software or text-to-Braille devices to listen to the captions).
  • Use patterns in addition to colours to convey information.
  • Ensure figure lettering has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1.

Generative AI Images

Ensure compliance with Quing Publications’ policy on generative AI images.

Following these guidelines ensures your figures are accessible, clear, and professionally presented.

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Supplementary Information (SI)

Quing: International Journal of Commerce and Management accepts electronic multimedia files (animations, movies, audio, etc.) and other supplementary files to be published online alongside an article or a book chapter. This feature can enhance the author's article, as certain information cannot be printed or is more convenient in electronic form.

Before submitting research datasets as Supplementary Information, authors should read the journal’s Research Data Policy. We encourage research data to be archived in data repositories wherever possible.

Submission

  • Supply all supplementary material in standard file formats.
  • Please include the following information in each file: article title, journal name, author names, affiliation, and e-mail address of the corresponding author.
  • To accommodate user downloads, keep in mind that larger-sized files may require long download times, and some users may experience issues during downloading.
  • High-resolution (streamable quality) videos can be submitted up to a maximum of 25GB; low-resolution videos should not exceed 5GB.

Audio, Video, and Animations

  • Aspect ratio: 16:9 or 4:3
  • Maximum file size: 25 GB for high resolution files; 5 GB for low resolution files
  • Minimum video duration: 1 sec
  • Supported file formats: avi, wmv, mp4, mov, m2p, mp2, mpg, mpeg, flv, mxf, mts, m4v, 3gp

Text and Presentations

  • Submit your material in PDF format; .doc or .ppt files are not suitable for long-term viability.
  • A collection of figures may also be combined in a PDF file.

Spreadsheets

  • Spreadsheets should be submitted as .csv or .xlsx files (MS Excel).

Specialized Formats

  • Specialized formats such as .pdb (chemical), .wrl (VRML), .nb (Mathematica notebook), and .tex can also be supplied.

Collecting Multiple Files

  • It is possible to collect multiple files in a .zip or .gz file.

Numbering

  • If supplying any supplementary material, the text must make specific mention of the material as a citation, similar to that of figures and tables.
  • Refer to the supplementary files as “Online Resource”, e.g., "... as shown in the animation (Online Resource 3)", “... additional data are given in Online Resource 4”.
  • Name the files consecutively, e.g., “ESM_3.mpg”, “ESM_4.pdf”.

Captions

  • For each supplementary material, please supply a concise caption describing the content of the file.

Processing of Supplementary Files

  • Supplementary Information (SI) will be published as received from the author without any conversion, editing, or reformatting.

Accessibility

  • In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your supplementary files, please ensure that:
  • The manuscript contains a descriptive caption for each supplementary material.
  • Video files do not contain anything that flashes more than three times per second to avoid causing seizures.

Generative AI Images

  • Please check Springer’s policy on generative AI images and ensure your work adheres to the principles described therein.
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Ethical Responsibilities of Authors

Quing: International Journal of Commerce and Management is committed to upholding the integrity of the scientific record.

Integrity and Honesty

Authors should refrain from misrepresenting research results which could damage the trust in the journal, the professionalism of scientific authorship, and ultimately the entire scientific endeavor. Maintaining integrity of the research and its presentation is crucial and can be achieved by following these guidelines:

  • The manuscript should not be submitted to more than one journal for simultaneous consideration.
  • The submitted work should be original and should not have been published elsewhere in any form or language (partially or in full), unless the new work concerns an expansion of previous work. Transparency on the reuse of material is required to avoid concerns about text-recycling (self-plagiarism).
  • A single study should not be split into several parts to increase the quantity of submissions and submitted to various journals or to one journal over time (i.e., 'salami-slicing/publishing').
  • Concurrent or secondary publication is sometimes justifiable, provided certain conditions are met, such as translations or a manuscript intended for a different group of readers.

Presentation of Results

  • Results should be presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation (including image-based manipulation). Authors should adhere to discipline-specific rules for acquiring, selecting, and processing data.
  • No data, text, or theories by others should be presented as if they were the author's own (plagiarism). Proper acknowledgments to other works must be given, including material that is closely copied (near verbatim), summarized, and/or paraphrased. Quotation marks should be used for verbatim copying of material, and permissions secured for copyrighted material.

Important Note: The journal may use software to screen for plagiarism.

Permissions and Citations

  • Authors should ensure they have permissions for the use of software, questionnaires/web surveys, and scales in their studies (if appropriate).
  • Research and non-research articles (e.g., Opinion, Review, and Commentary articles) must cite appropriate and relevant literature in support of the claims made. Excessive and inappropriate self-citation or coordinated efforts among several authors to collectively self-cite are strongly discouraged.
  • Authors should avoid untrue statements about an entity (individual person or company) or descriptions of their behavior or actions that could be seen as personal attacks or allegations.

Dual Use Research

  • Research that may be misapplied to pose a threat to public health or national security should be clearly identified in the manuscript (e.g., dual use of research). Examples include the creation of harmful consequences of biological agents or toxins, disruption of immunity of vaccines, unusual hazards in the use of chemicals, and weaponization of research/technology.

Authorship

  • Authors are strongly advised to ensure the author group, the Corresponding Author, and the order of authors are correct at submission. Adding and/or deleting authors during the revision stages is generally not permitted but may be warranted in some cases. Reasons for changes in authorship should be explained in detail. Changes to authorship cannot be made after acceptance of a manuscript.

Verification of Results

  • Upon request, authors should be prepared to send relevant documentation or data to verify the validity of the results presented. This could be in the form of raw data, samples, records, etc. Sensitive information in the form of confidential or proprietary data is excluded.

Handling Misconduct

  • If there is suspicion of misbehavior or alleged fraud, the journal and/or publisher will carry out an investigation following COPE guidelines. If, after investigation, there are valid concerns, the author(s) concerned will be contacted and given an opportunity to address the issue. Depending on the situation, this may result in the following measures:
    • If the manuscript is still under consideration, it may be rejected and returned to the author.
    • If the article has already been published online, the following actions may be taken depending on the nature and severity of the infraction:
      • An erratum/correction may be placed with the article.
      • An expression of concern may be placed with the article.
      • In severe cases, retraction of the article may occur. Retraction means the article is maintained on the platform, watermarked “retracted,” and an explanation for the retraction is provided in a note linked to the watermarked article.
  • The author’s institution may be informed.
  • A notice of suspected transgression of ethical standards in the peer review system may be included as part of the author’s and article’s bibliographic record.

Fundamental Errors

  • Authors have an obligation to correct mistakes once they discover a significant error or inaccuracy in their published article. Authors should contact the journal and explain how the error impacts the article. A decision on how to correct the literature will depend on the nature of the error, which may involve a correction or retraction. The retraction note should provide transparency on which parts of the article are impacted by the error.

Suggesting/Excluding Reviewers

  • Authors are welcome to suggest suitable reviewers and/or request the exclusion of certain individuals when submitting their manuscripts. When suggesting reviewers, authors should ensure they are independent and not connected to the work in any way. It is recommended to suggest a mix of reviewers from different countries and institutions. The Corresponding Author must provide an institutional email address for each suggested reviewer or other means of verifying their identity. While the journal may not use the suggestions, they are appreciated and may help facilitate the peer review process.
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Compliance with Ethical Standards

To ensure objectivity, transparency, and adherence to accepted principles of ethical and professional conduct, authors should include information regarding sources of funding, potential conflicts of interest (financial or non-financial), informed consent (if the research involved human participants), and a statement on the welfare of animals (if the research involved animals).

Authors should include the following statements (if applicable) in a separate section entitled "Compliance with Ethical Standards" when submitting a paper:

Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial or non-financial conflicts of interest that could potentially influence the research results or interpretations. This includes, but is not limited to, financial interests, personal relationships, and academic competition.

Research Involving Human Participants and/or Animals

  • Human Participants: Authors must include a statement confirming that all procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. If ethical approval was not required, authors should include a statement explaining why.
  • Animals: For research involving animals, authors should include a statement confirming that all procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted. The welfare of animals used for research must be respected.

Informed Consent

For research involving human participants, authors must include a statement confirming that informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. If informed consent was not required, authors should include a statement explaining why.

Additional Notes

  • Standards may vary slightly per journal depending on their peer review policies (e.g., single or double-blind peer review) and subject discipline. Authors should carefully check the instructions following this section before submitting their article.
  • The corresponding author should be prepared to collect documentation of compliance with ethical standards and provide it if requested during peer review or after publication.

The Editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the above-mentioned guidelines. The author will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill these guidelines.

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Competing Interests

Authors are requested to disclose interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication. Interests within the last 3 years of beginning the work (conducting the research and preparing the work for submission) should be reported. Interests outside the 3-year time frame must be disclosed if they could reasonably be perceived as influencing the submitted work. Disclosure of interests provides a complete and transparent process and helps readers form their own judgments of potential bias. This is not meant to imply that a financial relationship with an organization that sponsored the research or compensation received for consultancy work is inappropriate.

Editorial Board Members and Editors

Editorial Board Members and Editors are required to declare any competing interests and may be excluded from the peer review process if a competing interest exists. In addition, they should exclude themselves from handling manuscripts in cases where there is a competing interest. This may include – but is not limited to – having previously published with one or more of the authors, and sharing the same institution as one or more of the authors. Where an Editor or Editorial Board Member is on the author list, we recommend they declare this in the competing interests section on the submitted manuscript. If they are an author or have any other competing interest regarding a specific manuscript, another Editor or member of the Editorial Board will be assigned to oversee the peer review process. These submissions are subject to the same review process as any other manuscript. Editorial Board Members are welcome to submit papers to the journal. These submissions are not given any priority over other manuscripts, and Editorial Board Member status has no bearing on editorial consideration.

Interests to Consider and Disclose

Authors should consider and disclose the following interests:

  • Funding: Research grants from funding agencies (please give the research funder and the grant number) and/or research support (including salaries, equipment, supplies, reimbursement for attending symposia, and other expenses) by organizations that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript.
  • Employment: Recent (while engaged in the research project), present, or anticipated employment by any organization that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript. This includes multiple affiliations (if applicable).
  • Financial Interests: Stocks or shares in companies (including holdings of spouse and/or children) that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript; consultation fees or other forms of remuneration from organizations that may gain or lose financially; patents or patent applications whose value may be affected by publication of this manuscript.
  • Non-financial Interests: Professional interests, personal relationships, or personal beliefs that could impart bias on the work submitted for publication. Examples include, but are not limited to, position on editorial board, advisory board or board of directors or other type of management relationships; writing and/or consulting for educational purposes; expert witness; mentoring relations; and so forth.

Disclosure Statements

Primary research articles require a disclosure statement. Review articles, which present an expert synthesis of evidence, also require a disclosure statement. Other article types such as editorials, book reviews, and comments may, depending on their content, require a disclosure statement. If you are unclear whether your article type requires a disclosure statement, please contact the Editor-in-Chief.

Funding Information

In addition to the above requirements, funding information must be disclosed upon submission of the manuscript in the peer review system. This information will be added to the Record of CrossMark but not to the manuscript itself.

Summary of Requirements

The above should be summarized in a statement and included on a title page separate from the manuscript with a section entitled "Declarations" when submitting a paper. Having all statements in one place allows for a consistent and unified review of the information by the Editor-in-Chief and/or peer reviewers and may speed up the handling of the paper. Declarations include Funding, Competing interests, Ethics approval, Consent, Data, Materials and/or Code availability, and Authors’ contribution statements. Please use the title page for providing the statements.

Once and if the paper is accepted for publication, the production department will place the respective statements in a distinctly identified section clearly visible to readers.

Examples of Statements

When funding has been received:

  • Partial financial support was received from [...]
  • The research leading to these results received funding from [...] under Grant Agreement No[...].
  • This study was funded by […]
  • This work was supported by [...] (Grant numbers [...] and [...])

When there is no funding:

  • The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.
  • No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
  • No funding was received for conducting this study.
  • No funds, grants, or other support was received.

When there are interests to declare:

  • Financial interests: Author A has received research support from Company A. Author B has received a speaker honorarium from Company W and owns stock in Company X. Author C is a consultant to Company Y.
  • Non-financial interests: Author C is an unpaid member of committee Z.
  • Financial interests: The authors declare they have no financial interests.
  • Non-financial interests: Author A is on the board of directors of Y and receives no compensation as a member of the board of directors.
  • Financial interests: Author A received a speaking fee from Y for Z. Author B receives a salary from association X where s/he is the Executive Director.
  • Non-financial interests: none.
  • Financial interests: Author A and B declare they have no financial interests. Author C has received speaker and consultant honoraria from Company M and Company N. Dr. C has received speaker honorarium and research funding from Company M and Company O. Author D has received travel support from Company O.
  • Non-financial interests: Author D has served on advisory boards for Company M, Company N, and Company O.

When authors have nothing to declare:

  • The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
  • The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
  • All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
  • The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.

Authors are responsible for the correctness of the statements provided in the manuscript. See also Authorship Principles. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to reject submissions that do not meet the guidelines described in this section.

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Authorship Principles

These guidelines describe authorship principles and good authorship practices to which prospective authors should adhere.

Authorship Clarified

The Journal and Publisher assume that all authors agreed with the content, all gave explicit consent to submit, and they obtained consent from the responsible authorities at the institute/organization where the work was carried out before submission.

The Publisher does not prescribe the kinds of contributions that warrant authorship. It is recommended that authors adhere to the guidelines for authorship applicable in their specific research field. In the absence of specific guidelines, it is recommended to adhere to the following guidelines*:

All authors whose names appear on the submission:

  1. Made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work;
  2. Drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content;
  3. Approved the version to be published; and
  4. Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
  • Based on/adapted from:
  • ICMJE, Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors,
  • Transparency in authors’ contributions and responsibilities to promote integrity in scientific publication, McNutt et al., PNAS February 27, 2018.

Disclosures and Declarations

All authors are requested to include information regarding sources of funding, financial or non-financial interests, study-specific approval by the appropriate ethics committee for research involving humans and/or animals, informed consent if the research involved human participants, and a statement on the welfare of animals if the research involved animals (as appropriate).

The decision whether such information should be included depends on the scope of the journal and the article. Work submitted for publication may have implications for public health or general welfare, and in those cases, it is the responsibility of all authors to include the appropriate disclosures and declarations.

Data Transparency

All authors are requested to ensure that all data and materials, as well as software applications or custom code, support their published claims and comply with field standards. Please note that journals may have individual policies on (sharing) research data in accordance with disciplinary norms and expectations.

Role of the Corresponding Author

One author is assigned as the Corresponding Author and acts on behalf of all co-authors, ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately addressed.

The Corresponding Author is responsible for:

  • Ensuring that all listed authors have approved the manuscript before submission, including the names and order of authors;
  • Managing all communication between the Journal and all co-authors, before and after publication*;
  • Providing transparency on the re-use of material and mentioning any unpublished material (e.g., manuscripts in press) included in the manuscript in a cover letter to the Editor;
  • Making sure disclosures, declarations, and transparency on data statements from all authors are included in the manuscript as appropriate (see above).

*The requirement of managing all communication between the journal and all co-authors during submission and proofing may be delegated to a Contact or Submitting Author. In this case, please make sure the Corresponding Author is clearly indicated in the manuscript.

Author Contributions

In the absence of specific instructions and in research fields where it is possible to describe discrete efforts, the Publisher recommends authors include contribution statements in the work that specify the contribution of every author to promote transparency. These contributions should be listed on the separate title page.

Examples of such statements are shown below:

  • Free text: All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by [full name], [full name], and [full name]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [full name] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
  • CRediT taxonomy: Conceptualization: [full name], …; Methodology: [full name], …; Formal analysis and investigation: [full name], …; Writing - original draft preparation: [full name], …; Writing - review and editing: [full name], …; Funding acquisition: [full name], …; Resources: [full name], …; Supervision: [full name],….

For review articles where discrete statements are less applicable, a statement should be included specifying who had the idea for the article, who performed the literature search and data analysis, and who drafted and/or critically revised the work.

For articles that are based primarily on the student’s dissertation or thesis, it is recommended that the student is usually listed as the principal author: A Graduate Student’s Guide to Determining Authorship Credit and Authorship Order, APA Science Student Council 2006.

Affiliation

The primary affiliation for each author should be the institution where the majority of their work was done. If an author has subsequently moved, the current address may additionally be stated. Addresses will not be updated or changed after publication of the article.

Changes to Authorship

Authors are strongly advised to ensure the correct author group, the Corresponding Author, and the order of authors at submission. Changes of authorship by adding or deleting authors, and/or changes in the Corresponding Author, and/or changes in the sequence of authors are not accepted after acceptance of a manuscript.

Please note that author names will be published exactly as they appear on the accepted submission! Please make sure that the names of all authors are present and correctly spelled, and that addresses and affiliations are current.

Adding and/or deleting authors at the revision stage is generally not permitted, but in some cases, it may be warranted. Reasons for these changes in authorship should be explained. Approval of the change during revision is at the discretion of the Editor-in-Chief. Please note that journals may have individual policies on adding and/or deleting authors during the revision stage.

Author Identification

Authors are recommended to use their ORCID ID when submitting an article for consideration or acquire an ORCID ID via the submission process.

Deceased or Incapacitated Authors

For cases in which a co-author dies or is incapacitated during the writing, submission, or peer-review process, and the co-authors feel it is appropriate to include the author, co-authors should obtain approval from a (legal) representative, which could be a direct relative.

Authorship Issues or Disputes

In the case of an authorship dispute during peer review or after acceptance and publication, the Journal will not be in a position to investigate or adjudicate. Authors will be asked to resolve the dispute themselves. If they are unable, the Journal reserves the right to withdraw a manuscript from the editorial process or, in the case of a published paper, raise the issue with the authors’ institution(s) and abide by its guidelines.

Confidentiality

Authors should treat all communication with the Journal as confidential, which includes correspondence with direct representatives from the Journal, such as Editors-in-Chief and/or Handling Editors, and reviewers’ reports unless explicit consent has been received to share the information.

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After Acceptance

Upon acceptance, your article will be exported to Production to undergo typesetting. Shortly after this, you will receive two emails. One contains a request to confirm your affiliation, choose the publishing model for your article, as well as arrange rights and payment of any associated publication costs. A second email containing a link to your article’s proofs will be sent once typesetting is completed.

Article Publishing Agreement

Depending on the ownership of the journal and its policies, you will either grant the Publisher an exclusive license to publish the article or be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher.

Offprints

Offprints can be ordered by the corresponding author.

Color Illustrations

Online publication of color illustrations is free of charge. For color in the print version, authors will be expected to make a contribution towards the extra costs.

Proofreading

The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables, and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title, and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor.

After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.

Online First

The article will be published online after receipt of the corrected proofs. This is the official first publication citable with the DOI. On demand, printed version will be released.

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Open Choice

Open Choice allows you to publish open access in four Quing Publications journals, making your research more visible and accessible immediately upon publication.

Benefits:

  • Increased Researcher Engagement: Open Choice enables access by anyone with an internet connection, immediately upon publication.
  • Higher Visibility and Impact: Open access (OA) articles are accessed 4 times more often on average and cited 1.7 times more often on average within the first three years of publication
  • Easy Compliance with Funder and Institutional Mandates: Many funders require open access publishing, and some consider compliance when assessing future grant applications.

Article Processing Charges (APCs):

Authors who publish open access in Quing: International Journal of Commerce and Management are required to pay an article processing charge (APC). The APC price will be determined from the date on which the article is accepted for publication.

The current APC, subject to GSTIN or local taxes where applicable, is: ₹2500/ $50 / €45 / £38

Copyright and License Terms – CC BY

Open Choice articles do not require transfer of copyright as the copyright remains with the author. By opting for open access, the author(s) agree to publish the article under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
Find more about the license agreement.

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